Visualising an action uses the same part of the brain as performing it, brain imaging shows, just at lower intensity. Warriner cites studies where imagined piano practice matched physical practice for accuracy after three days, and imagined exercise built 22 per cent muscle strength against 30 for the real thing. She calls it a massively untapped area for hockey, from closed skills to rehearsing calm responses to umpires. Watch the full masterclass: Confidence: a choice and a skill.
